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integers
--------
uniform within range
sequences
---------
pick random element
pick random sample
pick weighted random sample
generate random permutation
distributions on the real line:
------------------------------
uniform
triangular
normal (Gaussian)
lognormal
negative exponential
gamma
beta
pareto
Weibull
distributions on the circle (angles 0 to 2pi)
---------------------------------------------
circular uniform
von Mises
General notes on the underlying Mersenne Twister core generator:
* The period is 2**19937-1.
* It is one of the most extensively tested generators in existence.
* The random() method is implemented in C, executes in a single Python step,
and is, therefore, threadsafe.
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methods: random(), seed(), getstate(), and setstate().
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sequences from older versions of Python), the algorithm for str and
bytes generates a narrower range of seeds.
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samples. This allows raffle winners (the sample) to be partitioned
into grand prize and second place winners (the subslices).
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population contains repeats, then each occurrence is a possible
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